He rerekē te hanganga me te hoahoa o tētahi waka hiko parakore i tērā o tētahi waka tuku iho e whakahaerehia ana e te miihini mura ā-roto. He pūnaha hangarau matatini anō hoki. Me whakauru te hangarau pākahiko hiko, te hangarau taraiwa motuka, te hangarau motuka me te ariā whakahaere hou kia tutuki ai he tukanga whakahaere tino pai. I roto i te mahere whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau waka hiko, kei te piri tonu te whenua ki te whakatakotoranga R&D o "toru poutū me te toru whakapae", ā, e whakaatu ana i te rangahau mō ngā hangarau matua noa o "toru whakapae" e ai ki te rautaki whakawhiti hangarau o "taraiwa hiko parakore", arā, te rangahau mō te motuka taraiwa me tana pūnaha whakahaere, te pākahiko hiko me tana pūnaha whakahaere, me te pūnaha whakahaere pūnaha hiko. Ka whakatakotohia e ia kaihanga nui tana ake rautaki whanaketanga pakihi e ai ki te rautaki whanaketanga ā-motu.
Ka whakarōpūhia e te kaituhi ngā hangarau matua i roto i te tukanga whakawhanaketanga o tētahi pūnaha hiko hou, e whakarato ana i tētahi pūtake ariā me te tohutoro mō te hoahoa, te whakamātautau, me te hanga o te pūnaha hiko. E toru ngā upoko o te mahere hei tātari i ngā hangarau matua o te taraiwa hiko i roto i te pūnaha hiko o ngā waka hiko parakore. I tēnei rā, ka whakaatuhia tuatahitia e mātou te kaupapa me te whakarōpūtanga o ngā hangarau taraiwa hiko.
Ahua 1 Ngā Hononga Matua i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga Pūkaha
I tēnei wā, ko ngā hangarau matua o te pūnaha hiko parakore ko ngā wāhanga e whā e whai ake nei:
Ahua 2 Ngā Hangarau Matua o te Pūnaha Whakamahi Mana
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Pūnaha Motuka Taraiwa
E ai ki te āhua o te pākahiko hiko o te waka me ngā whakaritenga o te hiko o te waka, ka hurihia e ia te putanga hiko o te pūngao hiko mai i te taputapu whakaputa hiko rokiroki hiko o runga hei pūngao miihini, ā, ka tukuna te pūngao ki ngā wira taraiwa mā te taputapu tuku, ā, ka hurihia ētahi wāhanga o te pūngao miihini o te waka hei pūngao hiko ka whakahokia ki te taputapu rokiroki pūngao ina pēhi te waka. Kei roto i te pūnaha taraiwa hiko te motuka, te tikanga tuku, te kaiwhakahaere motuka me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko te hoahoa o ngā tawhā hangarau o te pūnaha taraiwa hiko ko te mana, te taipana, te tere, te ngaohiko, te ōwehenga tuku whakaheke, te kaha tuku hiko, te mana putanga, te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me ētahi atu.
1) Kaiwhakahaere motuka
Ka kiia hoki he inverter, ka hurihia te urunga au tika mai i te pākahiko hiko ki te au hurihuri. Ngā wāhanga matua:
◎ IGBT: pana hiko mana, te kaupapa: mā te kaiwhakahaere, ka kati te ringa piriti IGBT i tētahi auau, ā, ka puta he pana raupapa hei whakaputa i te iahiko whakawhiti-wāhanga-toru. Mā te whakahaere i te pana hiko mana kia kati, ka taea te huri i te ngaohiko whakawhiti. Kātahi ka puta te ngaohiko AC mā te whakahaere i te huringa mahi.
◎ Te kaha o te kiriata: te mahi tātari; te pūoko iahiko: te kimi i te iahiko o te takai toru-wāhanga.
2) Mana whakahaere me te ara iahiko taraiwa: papa whakahaere rorohiko, IGBT taraiwa
Ko te mahi a te kaiwhakahaere motuka he huri i te DC ki te AC, te whiwhi i ia tohu, me te whakaputa i te mana me te taipana e rite ana. Ngā wāhanga matua: te pana hiko hiko, te pūnga kiriata, te pūoko iahiko, te ara iahiko taraiwa whakahaere hei whakatuwhera i ngā pana rerekē, hei hanga iahiko i ngā ahunga rerekē, me te whakaputa i te ngaohiko tauutuutu. Nō reira, ka taea e tātou te wehewehe i te iahiko tauutuutu sinusoidal ki ngā tapawhā rite. Ka hurihia te horahanga o ngā tapawhā rite ki te ngaohiko he rite te teitei. Ka whakatutukihia e te tuaka-x te whakahaere roa mā te whakahaere i te huringa mahi, ā, i te mutunga ka whakatutukihia te huringa ōrite o te horahanga. Mā tēnei ara, ka taea te whakahaere i te mana DC hei kati i te ringa piriti IGBT i tētahi auau me te pana raupapa mā te kaiwhakahaere hei whakaputa i te mana AC toru-wāhanga.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā wāhanga matua o te ara iahiko taraiwa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kawemai: ngā pūnga iahiko, ngā ngongo pana IGBT/MOSFET, te DSP, ngā maramara hiko me ngā ara iahiko whakauru, ka taea te whakaputa motuhake engari he ngoikore te kaha: ngā ara iahiko motuhake, ngā pūoko, ngā hononga, ka taea te whakaputa motuhake: ngā pūhiko hiko, ngā diode, ngā inductors, ngā papa ara iahiko paparanga maha, ngā waea whakamahana, ngā radiators.
3) Mōta: hurihia te au hurihuri-wāhanga-toru hei mīhini
◎ Hanganga: ngā taupoki o mua me muri, ngā anga, ngā pou me ngā peera
◎ Ara iahiko aukume: matua stator, matua rotor
◎ Ara iahiko: takai stator, arataki rotor
4) Pūrere Tuku
Ka hurihia e te pouaka miihini, te whakaiti rānei, te putanga tere taipana a te motuka ki te tere me te taipana e hiahiatia ana e te waka katoa.
Momo motuka taraiwa
E whā ngā momo waka hiko e whakamahia ana mō ngā motuka taraiwa. I tēnei wā, ko ngā motuka hiko AC me ngā motuka hiko tukutahi aukume tuturu ngā momo waka hiko hou e tino kitea ana. Nō reira, ka arotahi mātou ki te hangarau o te motuka hiko AC me te motuka hiko tukutahi aukume tuturu.
| Mōta DC | Mōta Whakaoho AC | Mōta Tukutahi Aukume Tuturu | Mōta Whakaroa Kua Hurihia | |
| Painga | Utu iti, whakaritenga iti mō te Pūnaha Whakahaere | Utu iti, Whānui te kapinga hiko, Hangarau whakahaere kua whakawhanakehia, Pono teitei | Teitei o te Mana, Teitei te Whai Hua, Te Rahi Iti | Hanganga Māmā, Ngā Whakaritenga Iti mō te Pūnaha Whakahaere |
| ngoikoretanga | Ngā whakaritenga tiaki teitei, Tere iti, Taipana iti, poto te roa o te ora | He iti te wāhi whai hua, he iti te mātotoru o te mana | Te utu nui Te kore e taea te urutau ki te taiao | Te pikinga nui o te taipana Te haruru mahi nui |
| Tono | Waka hiko iti, iti rānei, tere-iti | Waka Pakihi Hiko me ngā Waka Pāhihi | Waka Pakihi Hiko me ngā Waka Pāhihi | Waka Mana-Ranu |
1) Mōta Whakaoho AC Asynchronous
Ko te mātāpono mahi o te motuka hiko kore-tukutahi AC, ka haere te takai mā roto i te mokowā stator me te rotor: ka whakatakotoria ki ngā pepa maitai angiangi he nui te kawe aukume. Ka haere te hiko toru-wāhanga mā roto i te takai. E ai ki te ture whakapūtanga aukume a Faraday, ka puta he papa aukume hurihuri, koinei te take e hurihuri ai te rotor. Ka honoa ngā koiri e toru o te stator i te wā o te 120 nekehanga, ā, ka whakaputahia e te kaiārahi kawe-aukume ngā papa aukume huri noa i a rātou. Ina whakamahia te pūtake hiko toru-wāhanga ki tēnei whakaritenga motuhake, ka huri ngā papa aukume ki ngā ahunga rerekē me te huringa o te aukume hurihuri i tētahi wā motuhake, ka puta he papa aukume me te kaha hurihuri ōrite. Ko te tere hurihuri o te papa aukume ka kiia ko te tere tukutahi. Me kī he kaiārahi kati kei roto, e ai ki te ture a Faraday, nā te mea he rerekē te papa aukume, ka rongo te koropiko i te kaha hiko, ka whakaputa i te aukume i roto i te koropiko. He rite tonu tēnei āhuatanga ki te koropiko kawe-aukume i roto i te papa aukume, e whakaputa ana i te kaha aukume i runga i te koropiko, ā, ka tīmata a Huan Jiang ki te hurihuri. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mea rite ki te whare tīwharawhara, ka puta he āpure aukume hurihuri mā te stator i te au hurihuri-toru, ā, ka whakaohokia te au ki roto i te pae whare tīwharawhara kua potohia e te mowhiti pito, ā, ka tīmata te hurihuri ki te hurihuri, koia te take i kiia ai te motuka he motuka whakapūmau. Mā te āwhina o te whakapūmau hikohiko, kaua ki te hono tika ki te rotor hei whakaoho hiko, ka whakakīia ngā maramara matua rino whakamātao ki roto i te rotor, kia iti ai te ngaronga o te au hurihuri e te rino iti.
2) Mōta tukutahi AC
He rerekē te rotor o te motuka tukutahi i te motuka kore tukutahi. Kei runga i te rotor te aukume tuturu, ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo mata me te momo tāmau. He mea hanga te rotor i te pepa maitai silicon, ā, kei roto te aukume tuturu. Ka honoa hoki te stator ki te aukume tauutuutu me te rerekētanga ā-wāhanga o te 120, e whakahaere ana i te rahi me te ā-wāhanga o te aukume tauutuutu ngaru sine, kia rerekē ai te papa aukume e hangaia ana e te stator ki tērā e hangaia ana e te rotor, ā, ka hurihuri te papa aukume. Mā tēnei ara, ka kukumea te stator e te aukume, ka hurihuri tahi me te rotor. Ka hangaia he huringa i muri i te huringa e te stator me te mimiti rotor.
Whakatau: Kua tino rongonui te taraiwa motuka mō ngā waka hiko, engari ehara i te mea kotahi engari he kanorau. He tohu whānui tō ia pūnaha taraiwa motuka. Kei roto i te taraiwa waka hiko o nāianei ia pūnaha. Ko te nuinga he motuka kore-tukutahi me ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu, ko ētahi e ngana ana ki te whakawhiti motuka kore-whakaaro. He mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te taraiwa motuka e whakauru ana i te hangarau hikohiko mana, te hangarau hiko-iti, te hangarau matihiko, te hangarau whakahaere aunoa, te pūtaiao rauemi me ētahi atu kaupapa hei whakaata i ngā tono whānui me ngā tumanakohanga whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa maha. He whakataetae kaha i roto i ngā motuka waka hiko. Hei noho i tētahi tūranga i roto i ngā waka hiko o te heke mai, me arotau ngā momo motuka katoa i te hanganga motuka, me tūhura tonu hoki i ngā āhuatanga atamai me te matihiko o te pūnaha whakahaere.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-30-2023
