1. Whakataki ki ngā Mōta Hiko
He taputapu te mōtini hiko e huri ana i te pūngao hiko hei pūngao miihini. Ka whakamahia he koiri hiko (arā, te takai stator) hei whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume hurihuri, ā, ka mahi ki te rotor (pērā i tētahi anga konumohe kua katihia ki te whare pīkau) hei hanga i tētahi taipana hurihuri aukume hiko.
E ai ki ngā pūtake hiko rerekē e whakamahia ana, ka wehea ngā motuka hiko ki ngā motuka DC me ngā motuka AC. Ko te nuinga o ngā motuka i roto i te pūnaha hiko he motuka AC, ka taea te noho hei motuka tukutahi, hei motuka kore tukutahi rānei (kāore te tere o te papa aukume stator o te motuka e pupuri i te tere tukutahi me te tere hurihuri o te rotor).
Ko te nuinga o te motuka hiko he stator me he rotor, ā, ko te ahunga o te kaha e pā ana ki te waea hiko i roto i te papa aukume e pā ana ki te ahunga o te ia me te ahunga o te raina aukume (te ahunga o te papa aukume). Ko te kaupapa mahi o te motuka hiko ko te pānga o te papa aukume ki te kaha e pā ana ki te ia, ka huri ai te motuka.
2. Te Wehenga o ngā motuka hiko
① Whakarōpūtanga mā te pūtake hiko mahi
E ai ki ngā pūtake mana mahi rerekē o ngā motuka hiko, ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei ki ngā motuka DC me ngā motuka AC. Ka wehea hoki ngā motuka AC ki ngā motuka kotahi-wāhanga me ngā motuka toru-wāhanga.
② Te whakarōpūtanga mā te hanganga me te mātāpono mahi
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā motuka hiko ki ngā motuka DC, ngā motuka kore-tukutahi, me ngā motuka tukutahi i runga i tō rātou hanganga me te kaupapa mahi. Ka taea hoki te wehewehe i ngā motuka tukutahi ki ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu, ngā motuka tukutahi ātete, me ngā motuka tukutahi hysteresis. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā motuka kore-tukutahi ki ngā motuka whakapūmau me ngā motuka whakawhiti AC. Ka wehea anō ngā motuka whakapūmau ki ngā motuka kore-tukutahi-toru-wāhanga me ngā motuka kore-tukutahi-pou atarangi. Ka wehea anō hoki ngā motuka whakawhiti AC ki ngā motuka whakahihiri raupapa-wāhanga-kotahi, ngā motuka kaupapa rua AC DC, me ngā motuka whakahē.
③ Whakarōpūtia e te aratau tīmatanga me te aratau whakahaere
E ai ki ō rātou momo tīmatanga me te momo whakahaere, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā motuka hiko ki ngā motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga tīmata pūnga, ngā motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga whakahaerehia e te pūnga, ngā motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga tīmata pūnga, me ngā motuka kore-tukutahi kotahi-wāhanga wehewehe.
④ Whakarōpūtanga mā te kaupapa
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā mōtini hiko ki ngā mōtini taraiwa me ngā mōtini whakahaere i runga i tō rātou kaupapa.
Ko ngā motuka hiko mō te taraiwa ka wehea anō ki ngā taputapu hiko (tae atu ki te keri, te whakakanapa, te whakakanapa, te mokowā, te tapahi, me ngā taputapu whakawhanui), ngā motuka hiko mō ngā taputapu o te whare (tae atu ki ngā mīhini horoi, ngā pā hiko, ngā pouaka whakamātao, ngā hauhautanga, ngā taputapu hopu oro, ngā taputapu hopu oro ataata, ngā kaitākaro DVD, ngā kaihoroi korehau, ngā kāmera, ngā pupuhi hiko, ngā heu hiko, me ētahi atu), me ētahi atu taputapu mīhini iti whānui (tae atu ki ngā taputapu mīhini iti, ngā mīhini iti, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā taputapu hiko, me ētahi atu).
Ka wehea anō ngā motuka whakahaere ki ngā motuka stepper me ngā motuka servo.
⑤ Whakarōpūtanga mā te hanganga hurihuri
E ai ki te hanganga o te rotor, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā motuka hiko ki ngā motuka arataki whare herehere (i mōhiotia i mua ko ngā motuka kore tukutahi whare herehere) me ngā motuka arataki whare herehere kua takaihia (i mōhiotia i mua ko ngā motuka kore tukutahi kua takaihia).
⑥ Whakarōpūtia e te tere whakahaere
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā motuka hiko ki ngā motuka tere-tiketike, ngā motuka tere-iti, ngā motuka tere-pūmau, me ngā motuka tere-rerekē i runga i te tere whakahaere.
⑦ Whakarōpūtanga mā te āhua tiaki
a. Momo tuwhera (pērā i te IP11, IP22).
Haunga te hanganga tautoko e tika ana, kāore he tiakitanga motuhake o te mōtini mō ngā wāhanga hurihuri me ngā wāhanga ora.
b. Momo kati (pērā i te IP44, IP54).
Me tiaki ā-ringa ngā wāhanga hurihuri me ngā wāhanga ora i roto i te anga o te motuka hei ārai i te pā ohorere, engari kāore e tino aukati i te hauhautanga. Kua wehea ngā motuka tiaki ki ngā momo e whai ake nei i runga i ō rātou hanganga hauhautanga me te tiaki.
ⓐ Momo uhi mata.
Kua hipokina ngā pūaha hau o te mōtini ki ngā uhi kōhao hei ārai i ngā wāhanga hurihuri me ngā wāhanga ora o te mōtini kei pā ki ngā mea o waho.
ⓑ Ātete ki te maturuturu.
Ka taea e te hanganga o te pūhau o te motuka te aukati i te taka poutū o ngā wai, o ngā totoka rānei ki roto i te motuka.
ⓒ Ārai i te tauhiuhi.
Ka taea e te hanganga o te pūhau o te motuka te aukati i ngā wai, i ngā mea totoka rānei kei uru ki roto i te motuka i tētahi ahunga i roto i te awhe koki poutū o te 100°.
Kua kati.
Ka taea e te hanganga o te anga o te motuka te aukati i te whakawhiti noa o te hau i roto, i waho hoki i te anga, engari kāore e hiahiatia he hiri katoa.
ⓔ Ārai wai.
Ka taea e te hanganga o te anga o te motuka te aukati i te wai pēhanga kei uru ki roto i te motuka.
ⓕ Ārai wai.
Ina rumakina te mōtini ki te wai, ka taea e te hanganga o te anga o te mōtini te aukati i te wai kei uru ki roto i te mōtini.
ⓖ Te momo ruku.
Ka taea e te mōtini hiko te mahi i roto i te wai mō te wā roa i raro i te pēhanga wai kua whakatauria.
ⓗ Ārai pahū.
He rawaka te hanganga o te anga o te motuka hei ārai i te pahūtanga o te hau i roto i te motuka kei tukuna ki waho o te motuka, ka puta ai te pahūtanga o te hau mura i waho o te motuka. Pūkete mana "Ngā tuhinga hangarau miihini", teihana penehīni a te miihini!
⑧ Whakarōpūtia e ngā tikanga whakapūhau me te whakamatao
a. Whakamatao-ā-ia anō.
Ko ngā motuka hiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hihi o te mata me te rere o te hau māori mō te whakamatao.
b. Pā hau whakamatao-ake.
E peia ana te mōtini hiko e tētahi pā hau e tuku ana i te hau whakamatao hei whakamatao i te mata, i te roto rānei o te mōtini.
c. Kua whakamatao te pā hau.
Kāore te motuka hiko tonu e whakahaere i te hau whakamatao, engari he mea whakahaere motuhake.
d. Momo whakapūngao paipa.
Kāore te hau whakamatao e tukuna tika mai i waho o te mōtini, i roto rānei i te mōtini, engari ka tukuna, ka tukuna rānei mai i te mōtini mā roto i ngā paipa. Ka taea te whakamatao i ngā pā hau mō ngā paipa mā te pā hau-ake, mā te pā hau-ake rānei.
e. Te whakamatao wai.
Ka whakamataohia ngā motuka hiko ki te wai.
f. Whakamatao hau porowhita kati.
Ko te ara iahiko whakamatao o te motuka kei roto i tētahi ara iahiko kati e uru ana te motuka me te pouaka whakamatao. Ka mimiti te ara iahiko whakamatao i te wera ina haere mā roto i te motuka, ā, ka tukuna te wera ina haere mā roto i te pouaka whakamatao.
g. Te whakamatao o te mata me te whakamatao o roto.
Ko te mea whakamatao kāore e tika ana mā roto i te ara iahiko motuka ka kiia he whakamatao mata, ko te mea whakamatao e tika ana mā roto i te ara iahiko motuka ka kiia he whakamatao ā-roto.
⑨ Whakarōpūtanga mā te āhua hanganga tāutanga
Ko te momo tāutanga o ngā motuka hiko e tohuhia ana e ngā waehere.
Ko te kupu whakarāpopoto IM mō te tāutanga ā-ao te tohu mō te waehere,
Ko te reta tuatahi i roto i te IM e tohu ana i te momo waehere tāutanga, ko te B e tohu ana i te tāutanga whakapae, ā, ko te V e tohu ana i te tāutanga poutū;
Ko te mati tuarua e tohu ana i te waehere āhuatanga, e tohuhia ana e ngā tau Ārapi.
⑩ Whakarōpūtanga mā te taumata whakamātao
Taumata-A, Taumata-E, Taumata-B, Taumata-F, Taumata-H, Taumata-C. Kei te ripanga i raro nei te whakarōpūtanga taumata whakamarumaru o ngā motuka.
⑪ Whakarōpūtia kia rite ki ngā hāora mahi kua whakaritea
He pūnaha mahi tonu, he pūnaha mahi wā poto, me te pūnaha mahi tonu.
Pūnaha Mahi Tonu (SI). Ka whakarite te motuka kia roa te mahi i raro i te uara whakatauranga kua tohua ki te pereti ingoa.
Ngā hāora mahi poto (S2). Ka taea anake e te motuka te mahi mō tētahi wā iti i raro i te uara whakatauranga kua tohua i runga i te pereti ingoa. E whā ngā momo paerewa roa mō te mahi poto: 10 meneti, 30 meneti, 60 meneti, me te 90 meneti.
Pūnaha mahi wā-poto (S3). Ka taea anake te whakamahi i te motuka i ia wā, i ia wā rānei i raro i te uara whakatauranga kua tohua i runga i te pereti ingoa, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau o te 10 meneti ia huringa. Hei tauira, FC=25%; I roto i ēnei, ko S4 ki S10 kei roto i ētahi pūnaha mahi wā-poto i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
9.2.3 Ngā hapa noa o ngā motuka hiko
He maha ngā hapa ka pā ki ngā motuka hiko i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa.
Mena he nui te tuku taipana i waenga i te hononga me te whakaiti, ka kitea he pakaru nui o te kōhao hononga i te mata o te flange, ka nui ake te āputa o te hononga, ā, ka kore e pumau te tuku taipana; ka pakaru te tūranga o te peera nā te kino o te peera o te rakau motuka; ka pakaru i waenga i ngā pane o te rakau me ngā ara matua. I muri i te puta o ēnei raruraru, ko ngā tikanga tuku iho e aro nui ana ki te whakatika i te whakarewa, te miihini rānei i muri i te paraihe, engari he ngoikoretanga ō ia mea.
Kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i te ahotea wera e puta mai ana i te whakarewa whakatika pāmahana teitei, he mea ngāwari ki te piko, ki te whati rānei; Heoi, he iti noa te whakawhāititanga o te paninga paraihe e te matotoru o te paninga, ā, he ngāwari ki te tihore, ā, e rua ngā tikanga e whakamahi ana i te konganuku hei whakatika i te konganuku, e kore e taea te whakarerekē i te whanaungatanga "pakeke ki te pakeke". I raro i te mahi tahi a ngā kaha rerekē, ka puta tonu te pakaru anō.
He maha ngā whenua o te Hauāuru o ēnei rā e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi hiato pūmua hei tikanga whakatika hei whakatika i ēnei take. Kāore te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi pūmua hei whakatika e pā ki te ahotea wera o te whakarewa, ā, kāore hoki te matotoru o te whakatika e herea. I taua wā anō, kāore e taea e ngā rauemi whakarewa o te hua te mimiti i te pānga me te wiri o ngā taputapu, te karo i te tūponotanga o te pakaru anō, me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā wāhanga taputapu, ka penapena i te nui o te wā kore mahi mō ngā umanga me te hanga uara ōhanga nui.
(1) Te āhuatanga hapa: Kāore e taea te tīmata i te motuka i muri i te hononga
Ko ngā take me ngā tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei.
① Hapa waea takai stator – tirohia te waea ka whakatika i te hapa.
② Te ara iahiko tuwhera i roto i te takai stator, te ara iahiko poto te whenua, te ara iahiko tuwhera i roto i te takai o te motuka rotor kua takaihia – tautuhia te pūwāhi hapa, ka whakakorea.
③ He nui rawa te kawenga, he pūmau rānei te pūnaha tuku – tirohia te pūnaha tuku me te kawenga.
④ Te ara iahiko tuwhera i roto i te ara iahiko hurihuri o te motuka hurihuri kua takaia (te hononga ngoikore i waenga i te paraihe me te mowhiti paheke, te ara iahiko tuwhera i roto i te rheostat, te hononga ngoikore ki te mata, me ētahi atu) – tautuhia te pūwāhi ara iahiko tuwhera, ā, whakatikahia.
⑤ He iti rawa te ngaohiko o te pūhiko – tirohia te pūtake, kātahi ka whakakorea.
⑥ Te ngaronga o te wāhanga o te pūhiko hiko – tirohia te ara iahiko, ā, whakahokia mai te wāhanga-toru.
(2) Te āhuatanga hapa: Ka piki rawa te pāmahana o te motuka, ka paowa rānei
Ko ngā take me ngā tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei.
① Kua nui rawa te uta, kua maha rawa rānei te tīmatanga – whakaitihia te kawenga, me te whakaiti hoki i te maha o ngā tīmatanga.
② Te ngaronga o te wāhanga i te wā e whakahaerehia ana – tirohia te ara iahiko, ā, whakahokia mai te wāhanga-toru.
③ Hapa waea o te takai stator – tirohia te waea ka whakatika.
④ Kua honoa te takai stator ki te whenua, ā, he ara iahiko poto kei waenganui i ngā hurihanga, i ngā wāhanga rānei – tautuhia te wāhi e honoa ana te whenua, te ara iahiko poto rānei, ka whakatika.
⑤ Kua pakaru te takai hurihuri whare herehere – whakakapia te rotor.
⑥ Te ngaro o te mahi ā-wāhanga o te takai hurihuri – tautuhia te pūwāhi hapa, ā, whakatikahia.
⑦ Te waku i waenga i te stator me te rotor – Tirohia ngā peera me te rotor mō te rerekētanga, te whakatika, te whakakapi rānei.
⑧ Te hauhautanga ngoikore – tirohia mēnā kāore he arai o te hauhautanga.
⑨ He tiketike rawa, he iti rawa rānei te ngaohiko – Tirohia te pūtake, ā, whakakorea.
(3) Te āhuatanga hapa: Te wiri nui rawa o te motuka
Ko ngā take me ngā tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei.
① Rotorua kore taurite – taurite whakaōrite.
② Te kore taurite o te pūrakau, te piko rānei o te kakau – tirohia, ā, whakatikahia.
③ Kāore te motuka i te hāngai ki te tuaka kawenga – tirohia, ka whakatikatika i te tuaka o te waeine.
④ Te tāutanga hē o te motuka – tirohia te tāutanga me ngā tīwiri turanga.
⑤ Te taumaha rawa ohorere – whakaitihia te kawenga.
(4) Te āhuatanga hapa: He tangi rerekē i te wā e whakahaerehia ana
Ko ngā take me ngā tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei.
① Te waku i waenga i te stator me te rotor – Tirohia ngā peera me te rotor mō te rerekētanga, te whakatika, te whakakapi rānei.
② Ngā peera kua pakaru, kāore rānei i te tino hinuhia – whakakapia, ka horoia hoki.
③ Te whakahaere i te ngaronga o te wāhanga o te motuka – tirohia te pūwāhi ara iahiko tuwhera, ā, whakatikahia.
④ Te tukinga o te mata ki te anga – tirohia me te whakakore i ngā hapa.
(5) Te āhuatanga hapa: He iti rawa te tere o te motuka ina utaina te taumaha
Ko ngā take me ngā tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei.
① He iti rawa te ngaohiko o te pūtake hiko – tirohia te ngaohiko o te pūtake hiko.
② Te taumaha nui rawa – tirohia te taumaha.
③ Kua pakaru te takai hurihuri whare herehere – whakakapia te hurihuri.
④ Te hononga ngoikore, te motumotu rānei o tētahi wāhanga o te rōpū waea hurihuri takai – tirohia te pēhanga paraihe, te hononga i waenga i te paraihe me te mowhiti paheke, me te takai hurihuri.
(6) Te āhuatanga hapa: Kei te ora te anga o te motuka
Ko ngā take me ngā tikanga whakahaere e whai ake nei.
① Te koretake o te whenua, te ātete whenua nui rānei – Honoa te waea whenua kia rite ki ngā ture hei whakakore i ngā hapa whenua ngoikore.
② He makuku ngā takai – me whakamaroke.
③ Te pakaru o te ārai, te tukinga o te arai – Tukua te peita hei whakatika i te ārai, hono anō i ngā arai. 9.2.4 Ngā tikanga whakahaere motuka
① I mua i te wetewete, whakamahia te hau kōpeke hei pupuhi i te puehu i runga i te mata o te motuka, ka muru kia ma.
② Tīpakohia te wāhi mahi mō te wetewete i te motuka, ā, horoia te taiao o te papa mahi.
③ Mātau ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga me ngā whakaritenga hangarau tiaki o ngā motuka hiko.
④ Whakaritea ngā taputapu e tika ana (tae atu ki ngā taputapu motuhake) me ngā taputapu mō te wetewete.
⑤ Hei mārama ake i ngā hapa o te mahi a te motuka, ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau tirotiro i mua i te wetewete mēnā e āhei ana ngā āhuatanga. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, ka whakamatautauria te motuka ki tētahi kawenga, ā, ka tirohia taipitopitotia te pāmahana, te tangi, te wiri, me ētahi atu āhuatanga o ia wāhanga o te motuka. Ka whakamatautauria hoki te ngaohiko, te iahiko, te tere, me ētahi atu. Kātahi ka momotuhia te kawenga, ā, ka whakahaerehia he whakamātautau tirotiro kore-kawenga motuhake hei ine i te iahiko kore-kawenga me te ngaronga kore-kawenga, ā, ka tuhia ngā tuhinga. Pūkete mana "Mechanical Engineering Literature", teihana penehīni a te miihini!
⑥ Tapahia te pūtake hiko, tangohia ngā waea o waho o te motuka, ā, puritia ngā tuhinga.
⑦ Kōwhiria he mita hiko e tika ana hei whakamātautau i te ātete whakamahana o te motuka. Hei whakataurite i ngā uara ātete whakamahana i inehia i te wā tiaki whakamutunga hei whakatau i te ia o te huringa whakamahana me te tūnga whakamahana o te motuka, me huri ngā uara ātete whakamahana i inehia i ngā pāmahana rerekē ki te pāmahana kotahi, ko te tikanga ka hurihia ki te 75 ℃.
⑧ Whakamātauria te ōwehenga mimiti K. Ina neke atu i te 1.33 te ōwehenga mimiti K, e tohu ana tēnei kāore te whakamarumaru o te motuka i pāngia e te makuku, kāore rānei te nui o te makuku i te tino kino. Hei whakataurite ki ngā raraunga o mua, me huri hoki te ōwehenga mimiti i inehia i tētahi pāmahana ki te pāmahana ōrite.
9.2.5 Te tiaki me te whakatika i ngā motuka hiko
Ina oma, ina hē rānei te motuka, e whā ngā tikanga hei ārai me te whakakore i ngā hapa i te wā tika, arā, te titiro, te whakarongo, te hongi, me te pā, kia pai ai te whakahaere o te motuka.
(1) Tirohia
Mātakihia mēnā he rerekētanga kei te kitea i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te motuka, e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei.
① Ina poto te porowhita o te stator, ka kitea pea te paoa mai i te motuka.
② Ina nui rawa te uta o te motuka, ina pau rānei te wā, ka pōturi te tere, ā, ka rangona he tangi "haruru" nui.
③ Ina oma noa te motuka, engari ka mutu ohorere, ka puta pea he mura i te hononga wetekina; Ko te āhuatanga o te pupuhi o te fuse, o te mau rānei o tetahi wāhanga.
④ Ki te wiri nui te mōtini, tērā pea nā te aukati o te taputapu tuku, te kore e mau te mōtini, te kore e pakari ngā pūtu turanga, me ētahi atu.
⑤ Mena he rerekē te tae, he tohu tahunga, he paru paowa rānei kei ngā hononga o roto me ngā hononga o te motuka, he tohu tēnei kei te wera rawa te rohe, kei te ngoikore te hononga o ngā hononga hiko, kei te wera rānei ngā takai.
(2) Whakarongo
Me whakaputa e te motuka he tangi "haruru" ōrite, māmā hoki i te wā e mahi noa ana, me te kore he haruru, he tangi motuhake rānei. Mēnā he nui rawa te haruru e puta ana, tae atu ki te haruru hikohiko, te haruru peera, te haruru hauhautanga, te haruru waku miihini, me ētahi atu, tera pea he tohu, he āhuatanga rānei o tētahi hapa.
① Mō te haruru hikohiko, mēnā ka puta he haruru nui, taumaha hoki i te motuka, tera pea he maha ngā take.
a. Kāore i te ōrite te āputa hau i waenganui i te stator me te rotor, ā, ka rere te tangi mai i te teitei ki te iti me te wā kotahi i waenganui i ngā tangi teitei me te iti. Nā te kakahu o te peera tēnei, ā, kāore te stator me te rotor i te piripono.
b. Kāore i te taurite te iahiko ā-toru-wāhanga. Nā te hē o te whenua, te poto o te ara iahiko, te kore rānei o te hononga o te takai ā-toru-wāhanga te take. Mena he tino ngoikore te tangi, he tohu tēnei kua nui rawa te uta o te motuka, kua pau rānei te wā.
c. Te uho rino e wetekina ana. Nā te wiri o te motuka i te wā e whakahaerehia ana ka wetekina ngā pūtu whakapiri o te uho rino, ka wetekina te pepa maitai silicon o te uho rino, ka puta te haruru.
② Mō te haruru o te peera, me aroturuki pinepine i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te motuka. Ko te tikanga aroturuki ko te pēhi i tetahi pito o te tīwiri ki te wāhi whakairi o te peera, ā, ko tetahi pito e tata ana ki te taringa kia rongo ai i te tangi o te peera e oma ana. Mena ka mahi noa te peera, ka waiho tōna tangi hei tangi "haruru" iti tonu, kāore he piki me te heke o te teitei, he tangi waku whakarewa rānei. Mena ka puta ēnei oro e whai ake nei, ka kiia he mea rerekē.
a. Ka puta he tangi "ngūngū" ina oma te peera, he tangi waku whakarewa tēnei, e puta ana i te korenga o te hinu i roto i te peera. Me wetewete te peera, ā, me tāpiri he hinu whakahinuhinu e tika ana.
b. Mena he tangi "kākā", koinei te tangi e puta ana i te hurihuri o te pōro, i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai i te maroke o te hinu whakahinuhinu, i te kore rānei o te hinu. Ka taea te tāpiri i te nui o te hinu e tika ana.
c. Mena he tangi "pāwhiri" he tangi "kiki" rānei, koinei te tangi e puta mai ana i te nekehanga koretake o te pōro i roto i te peera, e puta mai ana i te pakaru o te pōro i roto i te peera, i te whakamahinga roa rānei o te motuka, me te maroke o te hinu whakahinuhinu.
③ Mena ka puta tonu ngā oro i te pūnaha tuku me te pūnaha taraiwa, kaua i te oro hurihuri, ka taea te whakahaere i ēnei huarahi e whai ake nei.
a. Ka puta ngā oro "pakū" i ia wā nā te kore ōrite o ngā hononga whitiki.
b. Ka puta te haruru "pā" i ia wā, i te koretake o te hononga, te pūraka rānei i waenga i ngā pou, me te tawhito o ngā kī, o ngā ara kī rānei.
c. Nā te tukinga o ngā mata o te hau ki te taupoki o te pā hau i puta ai te haruru tukinga kore taurite.
(3) Kakara
Mā te hongi i te kakara o te motuka, ka taea hoki te tautuhi me te ārai i ngā hapa. Mena ka kitea he kakara peita motuhake, he tohu tēnei he teitei rawa te pāmahana o roto o te motuka; Mena ka kitea he kakara wera nui, he kakara wera rānei, tera pea nā te pakaru o te paparanga whakamarumaru, nā te wera rānei o te takai.
(4) Pā atu
Mā te pā atu ki te pāmahana o ētahi wāhanga o te motuka ka taea hoki te whakatau i te pūtake o te hapa. Hei whakarite i te haumaru, me whakamahi te tuara o te ringa ki te pā atu ki ngā wāhanga e karapoti ana i te anga o te motuka me ngā peera ina pā atu. Mena ka kitea he rerekētanga pāmahana, tera pea he maha ngā take.
① Te hauhautanga ngoikore. Pērā i te wetewete o te hau, te aukati i ngā paipa hau, me ētahi atu.
② Te taumaha rawa. Ka nui rawa te au, ka wera rawa te takai stator.
③ He ara poto i waenga i ngā takai stator, he kore taurite rānei o te iahiko toru-wāhanga.
④ Te tīmatanga, te aukati rānei i te motuka i ngā wā katoa.
⑤ Mena he tino teitei te pāmahana huri noa i te peera, tera pea nā te kino o te peera, te kore rānei o te hinu i puta ai.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-06-2023
