Ki te whakaritea ki ngā motuka rere ā-ira, he maha ngā painga o ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka i roto i te hoahoa waka hiko. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka te whakarerekē i te hoahoa o te pūnaha hiko mā te neke i te motuka mai i te toki ki roto o ngā wira.
1. Te tuaka o te mana
Ngā motuka rerenga tuakakei te piki haere te aro (kei te piki haere te kukume). Mō ngā tau maha, kua whakamahia tēnei momo motuka i roto i ngā tono tūmau pērā i ngā ararewa me ngā mīhini ahuwhenua, engari i roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, he maha ngā kaiwhakawhanake kua mahi ki te whakapai ake i tēnei hangarau me te whakamahi ki ngā motopaika hiko, ngā poti taunga rererangi, ngā taraka utanga, ngā waka hiko, tae atu ki ngā waka rererangi.
Ka whakamahia e ngā motuka rere ā-ira tuku iho ngā aukume tuturu, ngā motuka whakapūmau rānei, kua tino ahu whakamua ēnei ki te arotau i te taumaha me te utu. Heoi, he maha ngā uauatanga e pā ana ki a rātou ki te haere tonu o te whanaketanga. He momo motuka tino rerekē te rere ā-ira, ā, he pai pea te kōwhiringa.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā motuka radial, ko te horahanga mata aukume whai hua o ngā motuka aukume tuturu rere tuaka ko te mata o te rotor motuka, ehara i te diameter o waho. Nō reira, i roto i tētahi rahinga motuhake o te motuka, ka taea e ngā motuka aukume tuturu rere tuaka te whakarato i te taipana nui ake.
Ngā motuka rerenga tuakahe iti ake te rahi; ki te whakatauritea ki ngā motuka radial, he poto ake te roa tuaka o te motuka. Mō ngā motuka wira ā-roto, he mea nui tēnei i ētahi wā. Mā te hanganga iti o ngā motuka axial ka nui ake te kaha o te mana me te kaha o te taipana i ngā motuka radial rite, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he tere whakahaere tino teitei.
He tino teitei hoki te whai huatanga o ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka, neke atu i te 96%. Nā te ara rere poto, kotahi-ahu, he rite, he teitei ake rānei te whai huatanga ki ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka 2D pai rawa atu kei te mākete tēnei.
He poto ake te roa o te mōtini, e 5 ki te 8 ngā wā poto ake, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te taumaha e 2 ki te 5 ngā wā. Nā ēnei āhuatanga e rua i whakarerekē te kōwhiringa a ngā kaihoahoa tūāpapa waka hiko.
2. Hangarau rerenga tuaka
E rua ngā āhuarangi matua mōngā motuka rere tuaka: te pūmau kotahi rotor takirua (e kiia ana i ētahi wā ko ngā mīhini momo torus) me te pūmau takirua rotor kotahi.
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā motuka aukume tuturu e whakamahi ana i te āhua rere radial. Ka tīmata te ara iahiko rere aukume me te aukume tuturu i runga i te rotor, ka haere mā te niho tuatahi o te stator, kātahi ka rere radial i te stator. Kātahi ka haere mā te niho tuarua kia tae atu ki te maitai aukume tuarua i runga i te rotor. I roto i te āhua rere axial rotor takirua, ka tīmata te koropiko rere mai i te aukume tuatahi, ka haere axial mā roto i ngā niho stator, ā, ka tae tonu atu ki te aukume tuarua.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei he poto ake te ara rere i tō ngā motuka rere radial, ā, ka iti ake te rahinga o te motuka, ka nui ake te mātotoru mana me te whai huatanga i te mana kotahi.
He mōta porowhita, ka haere te rerenga aukume mā te niho tuatahi, kātahi ka hoki ki te niho e whai ake nei mā te stator, ka tae atu ki te aukume. Ka whai te rerenga aukume i te ara rua-ahu.
Kotahi-ahu te ara rerenga aukume o te mīhini rerenga aukume tuaka, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi i te maitai hiko anga-kiko. Mā tēnei maitai ka māmā ake te haere o te rerenga, ā, ka pai ake te whai huatanga.
Ko ngā motuka rere pūtoro he tikanga tuku iho te whakamahi i ngā takai tohatoha, tae atu ki te haurua o ngā pito takai kāore e mahi. Ka hua ake i te iri o te koiri he taumaha tāpiri, he utu, he ātete hiko, me te nui ake o te ngaronga wera, ka akiaki i ngā kaihoahoa ki te whakapai ake i te hoahoa o te takai.
Ko ngā pito o te koiringā motuka rere tuakahe iti ake, ā, ko ētahi hoahoa e whakamahi ana i ngā takai kukū, ngā takai wāhanga rānei, he tino whai hua. Mō ngā mīhini pūwero stator wāhanga, ka taea e te pakaru o te ara rerenga aukume i roto i te stator te kawe mai i ētahi atu mate, engari mō ngā motuka rerenga tuaka, ehara tēnei i te raruraru. Ko te hoahoa o te takai koiri te mea nui ki te wehewehe i te taumata o ngā kaiwhakarato.
3. Te Whakawhanaketanga
He nui ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā motuka axial flux i roto i te hoahoa me te hanga, ahakoa ō rātou painga hangarau, he nui ake te utu i ērā o ngā motuka radial. He tino mārama te tangata ki ngā motuka radial, ā, e wātea ana hoki ngā tikanga hanga me ngā taputapu miihini.
Ko tētahi o ngā wero matua o ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka ko te pupuri i te āputa hau ōrite i waenga i te rotor me te stator, nā te mea he nui ake te kaha aukume i tō ngā motuka radial, ā, he uaua ki te pupuri i te āputa hau ōrite. He raruraru hoki te mimiti wera o te motuka rere ā-tuaka takirua, nā te mea kei roto rawa te takai i te stator, ā, kei waenganui i ngā kōpae rotor e rua, ā, he tino uaua te mimiti wera.
He uaua hoki te hanga i ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka mō ngā take maha. Mā te mīhini hurihuri takirua e whakamahi ana i te mīhini hurihuri takirua me te āhua o ngā ioka (arā, mā te tango i te ioka rino mai i te stator engari e pupuri ana i ngā niho rino) ka taea te wikitoria i ētahi o ēnei raruraru me te kore e whakawhānui i te diameter o te motuka me te aukume.
Heoi anō, he wero hou kei te tangohia te ioka, pērā i te whakatika me te whakanoho i ngā niho takitahi me te kore he hononga ioka ā-ringa. He wero nui ake anō hoki te whakamatao.
He uaua hoki te whakaputa i te rotor me te pupuri i te āputa hau, nā te mea ka kukume te kōpae rotor i te rotor. Ko te painga ko te hono tika o ngā kōpae rotor mā te mowhiti pou, nō reira ka whakakorea ngā kaha tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore te whāriki o roto e ātete ki ēnei kaha, ā, ko tana mahi anake he pupuri i te stator ki te tūranga waenga i waenganui i ngā kōpae rotor e rua.
Kāore ngā motuka hurihuri kotahi pūmau takirua e aro atu ki ngā wero o ngā motuka porowhita, engari he uaua ake te hoahoa o te pūmau, he uaua hoki ki te whakatutuki i te aunoatanga, ā, he nui hoki ngā utu e pā ana. Kāore i rite ki ngā motuka rere radial tuku iho, kua puta ake ngā tukanga hanga motuka tuaka me ngā taputapu miihini i ēnei wā tata nei.
4. Te whakamahinga o ngā waka hiko
He mea nui te pono i roto i te umanga motuka, ā, hei whakaatu i te pono me te pakari o ngā momo waka rerekēngā motuka rere tuakaHe wero tonu te whakatenatena i ngā kaihanga he pai ēnei motuka mō te hanga papatipu. Nā tēnei i akiaki ngā kaiwhakarato motuka tuaka ki te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa whakamana whānui i a rātou anō, me ia kaiwhakarato e whakaatu ana kāore he rerekētanga o te pono o tā rātou motuka ki ngā motuka rere radial tuku iho.
Ko te wāhanga anake ka pakaru i roto i temotuka rere tuakako ngā peera. He poto te roa o te rerenga aukume tuaka, ā, he tata ake te tūranga o ngā peera, he mea hanga kia "rahi rawa". He waimarie, he iti ake te taumaha o te rotor o te motuka rerenga tuaka, ā, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā kawenga rakau hihiri iti o te rotor. Nō reira, he iti ake te kaha tuturu e pā ana ki ngā peera i tō te motuka rerenga radial.
Ko te toki hiko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga tuatahi o ngā motuka toki. Mā te whānui angiangi ka taea te kapi i te motuka me te pouaka miihini ki roto i te toki. I roto i ngā whakamahinga ranu, mā te roa toki poto o te motuka ka whakapoto i te roa katoa o te pūnaha tuku.
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tāuta i te mōtini tuaka ki runga i te wira. Mā tēnei, ka taea te tuku tika i te mana mai i te mōtini ki ngā wira, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mōtini. Nā te whakakorenga o ngā tuku, ngā rerekētanga, me ngā toki taraiwa, kua whakaitihia hoki te uauatanga o te pūnaha.
Heoi, te āhua nei kāore anō kia puta mai ngā whirihoranga paerewa. Kei te rangahau ia kaihanga taputapu taketake i ngā whirihoranga motuhake, nā te mea ka taea e ngā rahi me ngā āhua rerekē o ngā motuka axial te whakarerekē i te hoahoa o ngā waka hiko. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā motuka radial, he nui ake te kaha o ngā motuka axial, ko te tikanga ka taea te whakamahi i ngā motuka axial iti ake. Mā tēnei ka puta he kōwhiringa hoahoa hou mō ngā papa waka, pērā i te whakatakotoranga o ngā kete pākahiko.
4.1 Te anga whakawāhanga
Ko te āhuahanga motuka YASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) he tauira o te āhuahanga stator kotahi rotor takirua, e whakaiti ana i te uaua o te hanga, ā, he pai hoki mō te hanga papatipu aunoa. He kaha te mana o ēnei motuka tae atu ki te 10 kW/kg i ngā tere o te 2000 ki te 9000 rpm.
Mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaiwhakahaere motuhake, ka taea e ia te whakarato i te iahiko o te 200 kVA mō te motuka. Ko te rōrahi o te kaiwhakahaere he tata ki te 5 rita, ā, ko te taumaha he 5.8 kirokaramu, tae atu ki te whakahaere wera me te whakamatao hinu hiko-kore, e tika ana mō ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka me ngā motuka rere ā-ira me te radial.
Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaihanga taputapu taketake o ngā waka hiko me ngā kaiwhakawhanake taumata tuatahi te whiriwhiri ngāwari i te mōtini tika i runga i te tono me te wāhi e wātea ana. Nā te iti o te rahi me te taumaha ka māmā ake te waka, ā, ka nui ake ngā pākahiko, ka nui ake te whānuitanga o te oma.
5. Te whakamahinga o ngā motopaika hiko
Mō ngā motopaika hiko me ngā ATV, kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi kamupene ngā motuka rere ā-tuaka AC. Ko te hoahoa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō tēnei momo waka ko ngā hoahoa rere ā-tuaka DC e hangai ana ki te paraihe, ko te hua hou ia he hoahoa AC, he hoahoa kore paraihe kua hiritia katoatia.
Ka noho pūmau tonu ngā koiri o ngā motuka DC me AC, engari ka whakamahia e ngā rotor takirua he aukume tuturu hei utu mō ngā anga hurihuri. Ko te painga o tēnei tikanga, kāore e hiahiatia he hurihanga ā-mīhini.
Ka taea hoki e te hoahoa tuaka AC te whakamahi i ngā pūmana motuka AC toru-wāhanga paerewa mō ngā motuka radial. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i ngā utu, nā te mea ko te pūmana te kaiwhakahaere e whakahaere ana i te ia o te taipana, ehara i te tere. Me whai auau 12 kHz, neke atu rānei, te pūmana, koinei te auau matua o aua taputapu.
Ko te auau teitei ake i ahu mai i te inductance o te takai iti o te 20 µ H. Ka taea e te auau te whakahaere i te iahiko hei whakaiti i te riu o te iahiko, me te whakarite kia maeneene te tohu sinusoidal. Mai i te tirohanga hihiri, he huarahi pai tēnei hei whakatutuki i te whakahaere pai ake o te motuka mā te tuku i ngā huringa taipana tere.
Ka whakamahia e tēnei hoahoa he takai paparua-rua tohatoha, nō reira ka rere te rerenga aukume mai i te rotor ki tētahi atu rotor mā te stator, he ara poto rawa, he pai ake hoki.
Ko te mea nui o tēnei hoahoa, ka taea te mahi i te ngaohiko mōrahi o te 60 V, ā, kāore e pai mō ngā pūnaha ngaohiko teitei ake. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā motopaika hiko me ngā waka wira-whā o te akomanga L7e pērā i te Renault Twizy.
Mā te ngaohiko mōrahi o te 60 V ka taea te whakauru i te motuka ki ngā pūnaha hiko 48 V matua, ā, ka māmā ake hoki te mahi tiaki.
Ko ngā whakaritenga mō ngā motopaika wira-whā L7e i roto i te Ture Anga Pākehā 2002/24/EC e kī ana ko te taumaha o ngā waka e whakamahia ana mō te kawe taonga kaua e neke atu i te 600 kirokaramu, haunga te taumaha o ngā pākahiko. Kāore e whakaaetia kia kawehia e ēnei waka te neke atu i te 200 kirokaramu o ngā pāhihi, te neke atu i te 1000 kirokaramu o ngā utanga, me te neke atu i te 15 kirowati o te mana miihini. Ka taea e te tikanga takai tohatoha te whakarato i te taipana o te 75-100 Nm, me te mana putanga teitei o te 20-25 kW me te mana tonu o te 15 kW.
Ko te wero o te rere o te tuaka kei roto i te āhua o te whakamararatanga o te wera e ngā takai parahi, he uaua tēnei nā te mea me haere te wera mā roto i te rotor. Ko te takai tohatoha te mea nui ki te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, nā te mea he maha ngā mokowā pou. Mā tēnei, he nui ake te horahanga mata i waenganui i te parahi me te anga, ā, ka taea te whakawhiti i te wera ki waho, ka tukuna mā te pūnaha whakamatao wai paerewa.
He mea nui ngā pou aukume maha ki te whakamahi i ngā momo ngaru sinusoidal, e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i ngā harmonics. Ka puta ēnei harmonics hei whakamahana i ngā aukume me te matua, engari kāore e taea e ngā wāhanga parahi te kawe i te wera. Ina kohia te wera i roto i ngā aukume me ngā matua rino, ka heke te whai huatanga, koia te take he mea nui te arotau i te āhua ngaru me te ara wera mō te mahi a te motuka.
Kua arotauhia te hoahoa o te mōta hei whakaiti i ngā utu, hei whakatutuki hoki i te hanga papatipu aunoa. Kāore e hiahiatia he tukatuka mīhini uaua mō te mowhiti whare kua puta, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi. Ka taea te takai tika i te koiri, ā, ka whakamahia he tukanga here i te wā e takai ana hei pupuri i te āhua huihuinga tika.
Ko te mea nui ko te mea i hangaia te koiri ki te waea paerewa e wātea ana i te hokohoko, ko te matua rino he mea whakakikorua ki te maitai whakawhiti paerewa, me tapahi noa kia rite ki te āhua. Ko ētahi atu hoahoa motuka e hiahia ana kia whakamahia he rauemi aukume ngohengohe hei whakakikorua i te matua, he nui ake pea te utu.
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā takai tohatoha, kāore e hiahiatia kia wehewehea te maitai aukume; ka taea te hanga kia māmā ake, kia māmā ake hoki te hanga. Mā te whakaiti i te rahi o te maitai aukume me te whakarite kia ngāwari te hanga, ka nui te pānga ki te whakaiti i ngā utu.
Ka taea hoki te whakarite i te hoahoa o tēnei motuka rere ā-tuaka kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. He putanga ritenga kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kiritaki i runga i te hoahoa taketake. Kātahi ka hangaia i runga i te raina whakaputa whakamātautau hei manatoko i te whakaputanga wawe, ka taea te tārua i roto i ētahi atu wheketere.
Ko te whakaritenga matua nā te mea ko te mahi a te waka ehara i te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hoahoa o te motuka rerenga aukume tuaka anake, engari ki te kounga o te hanganga o te waka, te putea pākahiko, me te BMS.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-28-2023
